Limax (Limax) cinereoniger Wolf, 1803
Crawls on the ground and trees (Wiktor 1983).
Limax maximus, L. punctulatus, L. bielzi, and L. decampi.
Internal: Gray-black with two darker stripes on each side, and black mantle (Kerney & Cameron 1979); orange-red forms sometimes occur (Wiktor 1996); no spots on mantle (Wiktor 1983); keel pale, reaches 2/3 length between tail tip and mantle; coarse tubercles; black spots on tentacles; white sole with longitudinal side sections of gray to black; clear mucus (Kerney & Cameron 1979).
External: 9 x 5 mm internal shell; dark, long, thin ovotestis and pale hermaphrodite duct; penis 2x body length (60-80 mm), coiled, and with constant thickness; penis with strong internal fold, with two folds at base and a "comb" at the end; long oviduct, wide at base; spermatheca small and club-shaped (Quick 1960; Kerney & Cameron 1979; Wiktor 1983).
Similar to L. maximus but with spots on tentacles, larger tubercles, smaller internal shell and jaw, and longer penis that is of consistent width throughout (Quick 1960). Can be distinguished from similar species L. maxmius, L. punctulatus, L. bielzi, and L. decampi on the basis of penis length and body coloration (Wiktor 1983).
Eggs: 5 x 5.5 mm, translucent, amber (Quick 1960).
Juveniles: Pale and translucent at hatching, then becoming opaque brown and black, with the sides of the foot becoming pigmented last (Quick 1960). Resemble adult Lehmannia, and can be distinguished by the absence of a caecum (Wiktor 1996).
Very large slugs, 100-200 mm long extended (or longer) (Kerney & Cameron 1979).
Europe north to Scandanavia, south to NE Spain and the Mediterranean countries, and west to Russia (Quick 1960).
Mixed and deciduous forest; mountain-dwelling, up to and over timber line; to 2600 m in the Alps (Wiktor 1983); undisturbed habitats only (Kerney & Cameron 1979); under logs, leaf litter, in tree crannies, on wet rocks (Quick 1960).
Live about 2.5 to 3 years (Wiktor 1996).
Feeds on lichens, algae, fungus, and dead plants (Quick 1960; Wiktor 1983).
When mating, a pair of slugs hangs from a mucus disc, encircle bodies and everted penes, and exchange sperm packets at the ends of their penes. Mating takes place at night (Quick 1960). .